When to contact a doctor
Sudden severe testicular pain, pain with vomiting, or persistent pain at rest needs emergency assessment now; call 108 if emergency transport is needed. Do not wait for an ultrasound booking or for pain to settle. A new lump, swelling, fever or ongoing discomfort also needs prompt medical review.
What you may notice
A dragging scrotal ache or a cluster of soft enlarged veins may be more noticeable after standing or exercise. A varicocele can also be found during fertility assessment without causing pain. Tell the doctor about a lump, swelling, injury, fever or a change in testicle size.
Testicles and their draining veins
What could cause it?
Other causes include infection of the epididymis or testicle, fluid around the testicle, a hernia, injury and referred pain. A solid lump needs assessment for a tumour. Sudden severe pain may be testicular torsion, where twisting cuts off blood supply. Examination and, when appropriate, ultrasound help distinguish these conditions.
How interventional radiology may help
If a varicocele is confirmed and linked to significant symptoms or selected fertility problems, IR embolisation or surgery may be discussed. Some varicoceles only need observation. Embolisation closes the abnormal draining veins; it is not a treatment for torsion, infection or every cause of infertility, and fertility improvement cannot be guaranteed.
Further reading: detailed assessment and treatment options
Patient information sources
References are in English.
Educational information, not a diagnosis. The causes listed are examples, not a complete list. Tests and treatment depend on your individual assessment.